After crossing the Ganges the Buddha stops to teach at the first village, Koṭigāma. The Pali canon of the Southern tradition says he taught the here, and also virtue, concentration and wisdom; the other accounts give different content. Pali Canon
More sources (5)
Different Accounts
The Chinese Youxing jing and the Mahīśāsaka Vinaya have the four things, noble virtue, noble concentration, noble wisdom and noble liberation; the Pali canon of the Southern tradition places these four at the later village of Bhaṇḍagāma. Taishō Canon
More differences between accounts (2)
The Chinese Bannihuan jing, the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, the Tibetan Vinaya and the Sanskrit Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra have virtue, concentration and wisdom without the Four Noble Truths; the Chinese Fo bannihuan jing has the mental qualities, non-contention and so on.
The Pali Vinaya says that Ambapālī heard the news of the Buddha's arrival while he was still at Koṭigāma.
Dating
Year 45 after the Awakening, the Buddha aged seventy-nine to eighty, before the , after the crossing, with the length of stay unknown; inferred from the sequence of events, only the year is known.
Related Entries
- Year
- Places
- People
- Discourses
Research Notes: Reliability, Dating and Sources
- How Reliability Is Assessed
The episode of “teaching at the first village after the crossing” is recorded by five schools: the Pali canon of the Southern tradition, the Chinese Dīrgha Āgama, the Sanskrit Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, the Chinese Mahīśāsaka Vinaya (Wufen lü) and the Chinese Fo bannihuan jing and Bannihuan jing. Attested across multiple schools. The “Four Noble Truths at Koṭigāma” within it is recorded only in the Pali canon of the Southern tradition.
- Dating Evidence and Precision
Inferred from the sequence of events (neither the canonical texts nor the commentaries give the time; the year is worked out from the order of this event and those around it). Time precision: year only.
Sources
- 藏譯（德格版）德格版 D6 da 239a5–239b2
- 梵文原典梵文《大般涅槃經》（Waldschmidt）§8.1–8.7
- 藏譯（德格版）德格版 D6 da 239a5–239a6
- 梵文原典梵文《大般涅槃經》§8.6–8.7
- Pali Canon巴利 DN 16:2.1.2–2.1.5
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.1 p.13a
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.5 p.163a
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.6 p.178b
- 大正藏大正藏 T24 no.1451 p.385b
- 轉引自現代整理本轉引自現代整理本
- 梵文原典梵文《大般涅槃經》（Waldschmidt）§8.4–8.7
- 大正藏大正藏 T04 no.192 p.41b
- 大正藏大正藏 T22 no.1421 p.135b
- 大正藏大正藏 T22 no.1421 p.135a–136a
- Pali Canon巴利律 Kd 6Entire text
- Pali Canon巴利 SN 56.21Entire text
- Pali Canon巴利 DN 16:2.2.1–2.3.7
- Pali Canon巴利律 Kd 6:29.1.1–29.2.6
- Pali Canon巴利 DN 16:2.4.1