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Based on the sutras, the Vinaya and later commentaries
About the Sources

The timing of the permission for the kaṭhina robe

Reliability undetermined

The Pali Vinaya records that thirty monks from , on their way to see the Buddha at , could not arrive before the began and had to keep the retreat at Sāketa (a city of ancient India); when it ended they came on through rain and mud. The Buddha therefore allowed monastics to accept the kaṭhina robe after the rains retreat and relaxed five restrictions of the rules. A sub-commentary on the Vinaya of the Southern tradition says this permission was given in the Buddha's later years, in the reign of .

Different Accounts

The persons who occasioned it: the Pali Vinaya has thirty monks from Pāvā; the Chinese Mahīśāsaka Vinaya places it after the rains retreat of .

More differences between accounts (1)

The Chinese Dharmaguptaka, Sarvāstivāda and Mahāsāṃghika Vinayas mention the kaṭhina robe in the related rules, none giving a year.

Dating

The canonical texts give no year. The sub-commentary on the Vinaya says it was in the Buddha's later years, in the reign of Ajātasattu; reckoned from the year of Ajātasattu's accession, after Year 38 after the Awakening (the Buddha aged seventy-two or more); on the other reckoning, after Year 37.

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Research Notes: Reliability, Dating and Sources
How Reliability Is Assessed

The sources for this event have not yet been fully compared; its reliability is not yet graded.

Dating Evidence and Precision

Commentarial dating (the canonical texts give no date; later commentaries record it). Time precision: year uncertain.

Sources

Back to Events known only to fall within a span of years

Source text

日期怎麼讀

成道第幾年
從佛陀成道開始,每經過一次雨季安居算一年,每一年算到安居結束為止;所有年歲一律依二十九歲出家、三十五歲成道推算。
年份依據
區分經文自己明記、後世註解書記載、先後順序推定及年歲換算。
時間精確度
分別說明確定到日、月、年,或只能放入某幾年之間。
可信度
多派共傳、兩派記載、單派記載與後世補述,表達記載的共傳範圍;與時間及位置是否確定分開閱讀。