The Pali Vinaya records that thirty monks from Pāvā, on their way to see the Buddha at Sāvatthī, could not arrive before the began and had to keep the retreat at Sāketa (a city of ancient India); when it ended they came on through rain and mud. The Buddha therefore allowed monastics to accept the kaṭhina robe after the rains retreat and relaxed five restrictions of the rules. A sub-commentary on the Vinaya of the Southern tradition says this permission was given in the Buddha's later years, in the reign of Ajātasattu. Pali Canon
More sources (1)
Different Accounts
The persons who occasioned it: the Pali Vinaya has thirty monks from Pāvā; the Chinese Mahīśāsaka Vinaya places it after the rains retreat of Anuruddha.
More differences between accounts (1)
The Chinese Dharmaguptaka, Sarvāstivāda and Mahāsāṃghika Vinayas mention the kaṭhina robe in the related rules, none giving a year.
Dating
The canonical texts give no year. The sub-commentary on the Vinaya says it was in the Buddha's later years, in the reign of Ajātasattu; reckoned from the year of Ajātasattu's accession, after Year 38 after the Awakening (the Buddha aged seventy-two or more); on the other reckoning, after Year 37.
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Research Notes: Reliability, Dating and Sources
- How Reliability Is Assessed
The sources for this event have not yet been fully compared; its reliability is not yet graded.
- Dating Evidence and Precision
Commentarial dating (the canonical texts give no date; later commentaries record it). Time precision: year uncertain.
Sources
- Pali Canon巴利律 Kd 7:1.1.1–1.1.2
- 巴利註解書巴利註釋 《Vajirabuddhi-ṭīkā》
- 大正藏大正藏 T22 no.1421 p.23b
- 大正藏大正藏 T22 no.1428 p.602a
- 大正藏大正藏 T23 no.1435 p.30a
- 大正藏大正藏 T22 no.1425 p.292a
- Pali Canon巴利律 Kd 7:1.1.1
- 巴利註解書巴利註釋 Vajirabuddhi,§460–1