The monk Upavāṇa is standing in front of the Buddha fanning him, and the Buddha asks him to step aside. Ānanda asks why, and the Buddha says the gods of the ten directions have gathered wishing to see him, and are blocked by this monk of great power. Taishō Canon
More sources (2)
Pali Canon
Different Accounts
The extent of the assembled gods differs between sources: twelve yojanas, four hundred and eighty li, thirty-two yojanas and so on. Taishō Canon
More sources (1)
More differences between accounts (1)
The Chinese Youxing jing and the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya each tell a story of Upavāṇa's past life; the text of the Pali canon of the Southern tradition does not, but the later commentaries do.
Dating
Year 45 after the Awakening, the Buddha aged seventy-nine to eighty, after the , on the night of the passing; the night is stated in the canonical text; it can be fixed to this night.
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Research Notes: Reliability, Dating and Sources
- How Reliability Is Assessed
Recorded by five schools: the Pali canon of the Southern tradition, the Chinese Dīrgha Āgama, the Sanskrit Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, the Chinese Fo bannihuan jing and Bannihuan jing and the Chinese three-fascicle Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra. Attested across multiple schools.
- Dating Evidence and Precision
Stated in the canonical text (the text itself gives the time). Time precision: fixed to the day.
Sources
- 藏譯（德格版）德格版 D6 da 274a6–275a2
- 巴利註解書巴利註釋 Sv，§200
- 藏譯（德格版）德格版 D6 da 274b2
- 梵文原典梵文《大般涅槃經》§32.1–32.42
- Pali Canon巴利 DN 16:5.4.1–5.6
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.1 p.21a–b
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.5 p.169a
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.6 p.185b
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.7 p.199a–b
- 大正藏大正藏 T24 no.1451 p.394b–c
- 巴利註解書巴利註釋 Ap-a，§82