Hand-drawn Buddha symbol and buddha chronicle wordmark
Based on the sutras, the Vinaya and later commentaries
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Upavāṇa

Upavāṇa

The Buddha's attendant; fanned the Buddha as he was about to pass away

Category
Monks (bhikkhus)
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Related Events (3)

Year 45 after the Awakening · The Buddha at 79 to 80

The Buddha asks Upavāṇa to step aside

Events known only to fall within a span of years

The various accounts of “within twenty years of the Awakening”

Events known only to fall within a span of years

Ānanda becomes the Buddha's permanent attendant

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Source text

日期怎麼讀

成道第幾年
從佛陀成道開始，每經過一次雨季安居算一年，每一年算到安居結束為止；所有年歲一律依二十九歲出家、三十五歲成道推算。
年份依據
區分經文自己明記、後世註解書記載、先後順序推定及年歲換算。
時間精確度
分別說明確定到日、月、年，或只能放入某幾年之間。
可信度
多派共傳、兩派記載、單派記載與後世補述，表達記載的共傳範圍；與時間及位置是否確定分開閱讀。