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Based on the sutras, the Vinaya and later commentaries
About the Sources

The fourth gravest rule laid down after twenty years

Later addition

The fourth of the forbids a monastic from falsely claiming to have attained superhuman realization or powers. The sub-commentary on the Vinaya commentary of the Southern tradition says this rule was laid down only after the twentieth year after the Awakening. It also answers a question: had attained realization in the first year, yet this rule was laid down only after the twentieth year, so why does the Vinaya contain the Buddha's ruling that Moggallāna had not broken it? The answer is that even before the rule was laid down, monastics had raised criticisms, and the Buddha therefore gave his explanation.

Different Accounts

The Chinese Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya says this rule was laid down at , on “the thirteenth day of the fourth half-month of winter in the sixth year after the Awakening”.

Dating

After Year 21 after the Awakening (the Buddha aged fifty-five or more). This timing is found only in the later sub-commentary on the commentary, which says only “after the twentieth year” with no definite year; the Chinese Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya's account of Year 6 after the Awakening is very far from it.

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Research Notes: Reliability, Dating and Sources
How Reliability Is Assessed

Not recorded in the early sutras and Vinayas of any school; found only in the commentaries or later Buddha biographies. Later addition.

Dating Evidence and Precision

Commentarial dating (the canonical texts give no date; later commentaries record it). Time precision: year uncertain.

Sources

  • 巴利註解書巴利註釋 Vin-ṭ,Sāratthadīpanī,§232
  • 大正藏大正藏 T22 no.1425 p.262a
  • 巴利註解書巴利註釋 Vin-ṭ,§232
Back to Events known only to fall within a span of years

Source text

日期怎麼讀

成道第幾年
從佛陀成道開始,每經過一次雨季安居算一年,每一年算到安居結束為止;所有年歲一律依二十九歲出家、三十五歲成道推算。
年份依據
區分經文自己明記、後世註解書記載、先後順序推定及年歲換算。
時間精確度
分別說明確定到日、月、年,或只能放入某幾年之間。
可信度
多派共傳、兩派記載、單派記載與後世補述,表達記載的共傳範圍;與時間及位置是否確定分開閱讀。