At Bhaṇḍagāma, the first halt after leaving Vesālī, the Buddha says that it is through not having awakened to the four things, noble virtue, noble concentration, noble wisdom and noble liberation, that beings have wandered so long in the round of birth and death. The Buddha also gives the discourse on virtue, concentration and wisdom. Taishō Canon
Pali Canon
More sources (1)
Different Accounts
The Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra translated by Faxian says that one thousand two hundred monks attained here.
More differences between accounts (2)
The Chinese Youxing jing places the discourse on virtue, concentration and wisdom at Ambagāma; the Chinese Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya and the Tibetan Vinaya give the place name as “Grave Illness village”. The village name in the Sanskrit Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra has a similar meaning (the name is largely supplied by modern editors), and it teaches only virtue, concentration and wisdom, without listing liberation separately.
The correspondence between the village names of the various sources (Gantu, Qianli, Jianchi and so on) and the Pali name can only be guessed from the sounds.
Dating
Year 45 after the Awakening, the Buddha aged seventy-nine to eighty, after the , within the three months after the announcement of the passing; inferred from the sequence of events, known only to fall within these three months.
Related Entries
- Year
- Places
- People
- Discourses
Research Notes: Reliability, Dating and Sources
- How Reliability Is Assessed
This event is recorded in the sutras and Vinayas of several schools. Attested across multiple schools. The “one thousand two hundred monks attaining arahantship” within it is recorded only in the Chinese three-fascicle Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra.
- Dating Evidence and Precision
Inferred from the sequence of events (neither the canonical texts nor the commentaries give the time; the year is worked out from the order of this event and those around it). Time precision: month only.
Sources
- 藏譯（德格版）德格版 D6 da 252a2–252a5
- 梵文原典梵文《大般涅槃經》（Waldschmidt）§21.1–21.5
- 藏譯（德格版）德格版 D6 da 252a2–252a4
- 梵文原典梵文《大般涅槃經》§21.1
- Pali Canon巴利 DN 16:4.2.3–4.4.6
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.1 p.17b
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.5 p.166a
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.6 p.181c
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.7 p.195b
- 大正藏大正藏 T24 no.1451 p.389a
- SuttaCentral 對應表SuttaCentral 對應表 sf245#wal24
- 轉引自現代整理本轉引自現代整理本
- Pali Canon巴利 DN 16:4.1.4–4.2.2
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.5 p.165c–166a
- 大正藏大正藏 T24 no.1451 p.388c