The Buddha continues on his way through several villages. The Pali canon of the Southern tradition records Hatthigāma, Ambagāma and Jambugāma up to Bhoganagara as mere stages without incident; the Chinese Fo bannihuan jing and Bannihuan jing say the Buddha taught at every place he came to. Pali Canon
Different Accounts
The village names and their order differ between sources: the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra translated by Faxian has Hatthigāma, Ambagāma, Jambugāma and the city of Shanjia; the Chinese Youxing jing has Zhanpo village, Qiancha village, Polipo village and Bhoganagara; the Chinese Fo bannihuan jing and Bannihuan jing have further names such as Jinju, Shoushouju and Huashi. The village names in the Sanskrit Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra are mostly supplied by modern editors, and their order is the reverse of Hatthigāma, Ambagāma and Jambugāma in the Pali canon of the Southern tradition. Taishō Canon
More sources (1)
More differences between accounts (1)
The Chinese Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya says only “passing through more than ten villages”; the Tibetan Vinaya lists the names of the villages. Taishō Canon
Dating
Year 45 after the Awakening, the Buddha aged seventy-nine to eighty, after the , within the three months after the announcement of the passing; inferred from the sequence of events, known only to fall within these three months.
Related Entries
- Year
- Places
- People
- Discourses
Research Notes: Reliability, Dating and Sources
- How Reliability Is Assessed
Recorded by five schools: the Pali canon of the Southern tradition, the Chinese Dīrgha Āgama, the Sanskrit Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, the Chinese Fo bannihuan jing and Bannihuan jing and the Chinese three-fascicle Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra. Attested across multiple schools.
- Dating Evidence and Precision
Inferred from the sequence of events (neither the canonical texts nor the commentaries give the time; the year is worked out from the order of this event and those around it). Time precision: month only.
Sources
- 藏譯（德格版）德格版 D6 da 252a5–252a7
- 梵文原典梵文《大般涅槃經》（Waldschmidt）§21.6–21.9
- 大正藏大正藏 T24 no.1451 p.389a
- 梵文原典梵文《大般涅槃經》§21.6–21.7
- Pali Canon巴利 DN 16:4.5.2–4.6.2
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.1 p.17b
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.5 p.166a–b
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.6 p.182a
- 大正藏大正藏 T01 no.7 p.195b
- 大正藏大正藏 T24 no.1451 p.390c